Phanom Rung: A Masterpiece of Khmer Architecture
Located in present-day Buriram, Thailand, Phanom Rung is one of the country’s most famous Khmer temples and an architectural masterpiece. Built on an extinct volcano, it is an impressive example of Early Khmer art and architecture. It is believed that Phanom Rung was dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, and the site has been revered by locals for centuries.
History
The temple complex was built around the 10th century by the Khmer people who were living in the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand. There is evidence that the temple was first used by local Khmer families, but it was later used as a spiritual retreat and a temple complex by the powerful principalities in the region.
The temple was abandoned and largely forgotten after the decline of the Khmer empire. It was only rediscovered in the 18th century and then extensively restored and renovated by Thai and Japanese architects in the early 20th century.
Architectural Highlights
Phanom Rung is composed of multiple structures, each of which is a masterpiece in its own right.
• Main Prang: Perhaps the most impressive structure of the entire complex, the main spire or prang of Phanom Rung is a monumental structure that towers 45 metres high. Its unique design includes four layered and intricately carved terraces that are offset by flights of stairs.
• Balustrades: The complex is surrounded by a series of balustrades that are both ornamental and functional. Each of these is intricately designed and features an array of carvings including lions, nagas, and other mythical creatures.
• Gateways: There are four gateways that are decorated with carved gods and goddesses. Each of these gateways frames the stunning views of the surrounding countryside that can be seen from the temple.
• Corridors: Inside the complex, there are several corridors that lead to various chambers and courtyards. These are adorned with more beautiful carvings, as well as some interesting murals.
• Ponds: There are three large ponds at the entrance of the complex. These were created to provide water for ritual bathing and were also used to store sacred objects.
Visit Phanom Rung
A visit to Phanom Rung is a must for any traveler to Thailand. Be sure to give yourself plenty of time to explore the complex and take in the various architectural wonders on display. The complex is open every day, and the best time to visit is in the morning or late afternoon when the light is softer and the temperatures are cooler.